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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Shutter Island
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMartin Scorsese
Screenplay byLaeta Kalogridis
Based onShutter Island
by Dennis Lehane
Produced byMike MedavoyArnold W. MesserBradley J. FischerMartin Scorsese
StarringLeonardo DiCaprioMark RuffaloBen KingsleyMichelle WilliamsEmily MortimerPatricia ClarksonMax von Sydow
CinematographyRobert Richardson
Edited byThelma Schoonmaker
Production
companies		Paramount Pictures[1]Phoenix PicturesSikelia ProductionsAppian Way Productions
Distributed byParamount Pictures
Release datesFebruary 13, 2010 (Berlinale)February 19, 2010 (United States)
Running time139 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$80 million[2]
Box office$294.8 million[3][4]

Shutter Island is a 2010 American neo-noir psychological thriller film[5] directed by Martin Scorsese. The screenplay was adapted by Laeta Kalogridis from the 2003 novel by Dennis Lehane. It follows Deputy U.S. Marshal Edward “Teddy” Daniels and his partner Chuck, who come to the fictional Shutter Island in Boston Harbor to investigate its criminal psychiatric facility after one of its patients goes missing; Daniels has his own ulterior motives for taking the case. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Mark Ruffalo, with Ben Kingsley, Max von Sydow and Michelle Williams in supporting roles.

Development began when Phoenix Pictures acquired the film rights to the novel directly from Lehane after Columbia Pictures had allowed their rights to lapse in 2003. Phoenix hired Laeta Kalogridis to work on a screenplay for a year, and in 2007, announced that both Scorsese and DiCaprio had joined the project. Production began on March 6, 2008, at various locations in Massachusetts; filming ended on July 2, 2008.

Partnering with Paramount Pictures, the film had its wide release on February 19, 2010, and received generally positive reviews from critics. It was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2010, and grossed $295 million worldwide. The film is also noted for its soundtrack, which prominently used classical music by composers such as Gustav Mahler, Krzysztof Penderecki, György Ligeti, John Cage, Ingram Marshall and Max Richter. In 2025, the film was voted for the “Readers’ Choice” edition of The New York Times‘ list of “The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century”, finishing at number 169.[6]

Plot

In 1954, U.S. Marshal Edward “Teddy” Daniels and his new partner Chuck Aule travel to Ashecliffe Hospital for the criminally insane on Shutter Island in Boston Harbor. The purpose of their visit is to investigate the disappearance of Rachel Solando, a patient of the hospital who had killed her three children by drowning.

The staff, led by psychiatrist Dr. John Cawley and his colleague Dr. Jerimiah Naehring, appears uncooperative. The marshals learn that Dr. Lester Sheehan, who was treating Solando, left the island on vacation immediately after Solando disappeared. Teddy experiences migraines, flashbacks of his time as a U.S. soldier in the liberation of Dachau, and vivid dreams of his wife Dolores, who was killed in a fire in their building set by pyromaniac Andrew Laeddis. Teddy tells Chuck he took this case to find Laeddis, whom he believes is a patient. Solando suddenly resurfaces, but believes Teddy is her husband.

Teddy breaks into the restricted Ward C to find Laeddis, but meets patient George Noyce, who knows Teddy from his past. Noyce says the doctors experiment on patients and lobotomize them in the lighthouse. He warns Teddy that everyone will deceive him and not to trust his partner Chuck.

Teddy and Chuck climb the cliffs toward the lighthouse, but are separated. Believing he saw Chuck’s body on the rocks below, Teddy climbs down but finds only a cave where a woman claiming to be the real Rachel Solando is hiding. She reveals she is a former psychiatrist; after discovering clandestine experiments on mind control at the facility, she was silenced by being forcibly committed. She warns that Cawley and Naehring will use Teddy’s war trauma to feign a psychotic break, allowing them to have him committed as well. Teddy returns to the hospital. When he asks about Chuck, Cawley insists that Teddy arrived at Shutter Island alone.

Convinced Chuck has been taken to the lighthouse, Teddy is intercepted by Naehring, who attempts to sedate him. Teddy overpowers him and breaks into the lighthouse to discover Cawley waiting for him. Cawley tells him that Rachel Solando never existed. He adds that Teddy has not been drugged but is experiencing withdrawal from chlorpromazine, a neuroleptic medication Teddy has been taking for the past two years.

Chuck arrives and reveals he is actually Dr. Sheehan. “Teddy” is really Andrew Laeddis, a former U.S. Marshal. Laeddis was incarcerated at Ashecliffe for killing his manic depressive wife Dolores Chanal after she killed their three children by drowning. Andrew had failed to seek treatment for Dolores after she burned down their apartment; instead, he moved his family to the lakehouse, which is where Dolores carried out the killings.

As a result of his guilt, Andrew became delusional and created the alternate persona of Edward Daniels.[a] The “investigation” of Rachel Solando was an elaborate roleplay, supported by hospital staff, to help Andrew play out his delusion so he might break out of it and return to reality. Overwhelmed, Andrew faints.

Awakening, Andrew recounts the truth, satisfying the doctors that he is lucid. Cawley notes they had achieved this state nine months ago, but Andrew had quickly regressed. He warns this will be Andrew’s last chance; if he lapses into his delusion again, he will be lobotomized due to his violent conduct toward the guards and other patients, such as Noyce.

Some time later, Andrew relaxes on the hospital grounds with Sheehan. Appearing delusional, he refers to Sheehan as “Chuck” and says they must leave the island. Sheehan signals to a watching Cawley, who orders that Andrew be lobotomized. Andrew asks Sheehan if it would be worse “to live as a monster or to die as a good man”. A stunned Sheehan calls Andrew “Teddy”, but the latter does not respond and leaves peacefully with the orderlies for his operation.

Cast

(Clockwise) Shutter Island stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Mark Ruffalo, Ben Kingsley, and Michelle Williams

Production

Development

The rights to Dennis Lehane‘s novel Shutter Island were first optioned to Columbia Pictures in 2003. Columbia did not act on the option, and it lapsed back to Lehane, who sold it to Phoenix Pictures. Phoenix hired Laeta Kalogridis, and together, they developed the film for a year. Director Martin Scorsese and actor Leonardo DiCaprio were both attracted to the project.[7] Production began on March 6, 2008.[8]

Lehane’s inspiration for the hospital and island setting was Long Island in Boston Harbor, which he had visited as a child with his uncle and family during the blizzard of 1978.[9]

Filming

Shutter Island was mainly filmed in Massachusetts, with Taunton being the location for the World War II flashback scenes.[10] Old industrial buildings in Taunton’s Whittenton Mills Complex replicated the Dachau concentration camp.[11] The old Medfield State Hospital in Medfield, Massachusetts, was another key location.

Cawley’s office scenes were the second floor of the chapel during the late evening. Lights were shone through the windows to make it appear to be daytime. The crew painted the hospital’s brick walls to look like plywood. This served the dual purpose of acting as scenery and blocking the set from view of a local road.

The crew wanted to film at the old Worcester State Hospital, but demolition of surrounding buildings made it impossible. The stone lodge next to Leach Pond at Borderland State Park in Easton, Massachusetts, was used for the cabin scene.[12] The film used Peddocks Island as a setting for the story’s island. East Point, in Nahant, Massachusetts, was the location for the lighthouse scenes.[13] The scenes in which Teddy and Chuck are caught in the hurricane were filmed at the Wilson Mountain Reservation in Dedham, Massachusetts.[14] Filming ended on July 2, 2008.[15]

Music

Shutter Island: Music from the Motion Picture
Soundtrack album by various artists
ReleasedFebruary 2, 2010
GenreFilm soundtrack
Length116:41
LabelRhino Records
ProducerRobbie Robertson
John Powell

The film does not have an original score. Instead, Scorsese’s longtime collaborator Robbie Robertson created an ensemble of previously recorded material to use in the film. Shutter Island: Music from the Motion Picture was released on February 2, 2010, by Rhino Records.

According to a statement on Paramount’s website: “The collection of modern classical music [on the soundtrack album] was hand-selected by Robertson, who is proud of its scope and sound. ‘This may be the most outrageous and beautiful soundtrack I’ve ever heard.’ [Robertson stated]”.[16]

Los Angeles Times‘ classical music reviewer Mark Swed noted that “Robertson went through a lot of trouble to make things work as well”.[17] He argues that while other reviewers have called the music “melodramatic”, “nothing could be further from the truth”.[17]

Another reviewer noted that “Scorsese has abandoned his oft-used classic rock soundtrack habits and, almost positively taking a queue from Stanley Kubrick’s soundtracks, adopted a selection mostly of various modern classical pieces”,[18] and that “this set of pieces certainly suggests a different mood rather than a conventional score”.[18]

Pop culture critic Noel Murray lists the album at #24 in Vulture‘s 2018 “40 Greatest Movie Soundtracks of All Time”, saying, “Besides drawing attention to the modern geniuses of a wholly different genre, the unfamiliar, almost alien sounds of the Shutter Island soundtrack reinforce the movie’s tale of hallucinatory madness”.[19]

A full track listing of the album is below. All the musical works are featured in the final film.[18]Disc 1

  1. “Fog Tropes” (Ingram Marshall) – Orchestra of St. Lukes & John Adams
  2. “Symphony No. 3: Passacaglia – Allegro Moderato” (Krzysztof Penderecki) – National Polish Radio Symphony & Antoni Wit
  3. “Music for Marcel Duchamp” (John Cage) – Philipp Vandré
  4. “Hommage à John Cage” – Nam June Paik
  5. “Lontano” (György Ligeti) – Wiener Philharmoniker & Claudio Abbado
  6. “Rothko Chapel 2” (Morton Feldman) – UC Berkeley Chamber Chorus
  7. “Cry” – Johnnie Ray
  8. “On the Nature of Daylight” – Max Richter
  9. “Uaxuctum: The Legend of the Mayan City Which They Themselves Destroyed for Religious Reasons – 3rd Movement” (Giacinto Scelsi) – Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra
  10. “Quartet for Strings and Piano in A Minor” (Gustav Mahler) – Prazak Quartet

Disc 2

  1. “Christian Zeal and Activity” (John Adams) – The San Francisco Symphony & Edo de Waart
  2. “Suite for Symphonic Strings: Nocturne” (Lou Harrison) – The New Professionals Orchestra & Rebecca Miller
  3. “Lizard Point” – Brian Eno
  4. “Four Hymns: II for Cello and Double Bass” (Alfred Schnittke) – Torleif Thedéen & Entcho Radoukanov
  5. “Root of an Unfocus” (John Cage) – Boris Berman
  6. “Prelude – The Bay” – Ingram Marshall
  7. “Wheel of Fortune” – Kay Starr
  8. “Tomorrow Night” – Lonnie Johnson
  9. “This Bitter Earth“/”On the Nature of Daylight” – Dinah Washington & Max Richter; arrangement by Robbie Robertson

Genre

Shutter Island is a period piece with nods to different films in the film noir and horror genres, paying particular homage to Alfred Hitchcock‘s works.[20] Scorsese stated in an interview that the main reference to Teddy Daniels was Dana Andrews‘s character in Laura, and he was also influenced by several very low-budget 1940s zombie movies by Val Lewton.[21]

The main plot resembles William Peter Blatty‘s The Ninth Configuration,[22][23][24] as well as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari.[24][25][26] La Croix noted Shutter Island was a “complex and puzzling” work that borrowed from genres as diverse as detective, fantasy, and the psychological thriller.[27]

There have been differing opinions of the film’s ending of the film, in which Laeddis asks Dr. Sheehan “which would be worse—to live as a monster, or to die as a good man?”, a line that does not appear in the book. Professor James Gilligan of New York University was Scorsese’s psychiatric adviser, and he said that Laeddis’s last words mean: “I feel too guilty to go on living. I’m not going to actually commit suicide, but I’m going to vicariously commit suicide by handing myself over to these people who’re going to lobotomize me.”[28] Dennis Lehane, however, said, “Personally, I think he has a momentary flash…. It’s just one moment of sanity mixed in the midst of all the other delusions.”[28]

Release

Director Martin Scorsese at the film’s premiere at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival

The film was originally scheduled to be released by Paramount Pictures in the United States and Canada on October 2, 2009.[29] Paramount announced it was pushing back the release date to February 19, 2010.[30] Reports attribute the pushback to Paramount not having “the financing in 2009 to spend the $50 to $60 million necessary to market a big awards pic like this”, to DiCaprio’s unavailability to promote the film internationally, and to Paramount’s hope the economy might rebound enough by February 2010 that a film geared toward adult audiences would be more viable financially.[31]

The film premiered at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival as part of the competition screening on February 13, 2010.[32] Spanish distributor Manga Films distributed the film in Spain after winning a bidding war that reportedly reached the $6 million to $8 million range.[33]

Reception

Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 69% based on 263 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site’s critical consensus reads, “It may not rank with Scorsese’s best work, but Shutter Island‘s gleefully unapologetic genre thrills represent the director at his most unrestrained.”[34] On Metacritic, the film received a weighted average score of 63 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating “generally favorable” reviews.[35] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average “C+” grade on a scale of A+ to F.[36]

Lawrence Toppman of The Charlotte Observer gave the film four stars out of four, claiming, “After four decades, Martin Scorsese has earned the right to deliver a simple treatment of a simple theme with flair”.[37]

Writing for The Wall Street Journal, John Anderson highly praised the film, suggesting it “requires multiple viewings to be fully realized as a work of art. Its process is more important than its story, its structure more important than the almost perfunctory plot twists it perpetrates. It’s a thriller, a crime story and a tortured psychological parable about collective guilt.”[38]

Awarding the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, “The movie is about: atmosphere, ominous portents, the erosion of Teddy’s confidence and even his identity. It’s all done with flawless directorial command. Scorsese has fear to evoke, and he does it with many notes.”[39]

The Orlando Sentinel‘s Roger Moore, who gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, wrote, “It’s not bad, but as Scorsese, America’s greatest living filmmaker and film history buff should know, even Hitchcock came up short on occasion. See for yourself.”[40]

Dana Stevens of Slate described the film “an aesthetically and at times intellectually exciting puzzle, but it’s never emotionally involving”.[41]

The Washington Post film critic Ann Hornaday negatively described the film as being “weird”.[42]

A. O. Scott of The New York Times wrote, “Something TERRIBLE is afoot. Sadly, that something turns out to be the movie itself.”[43] In 2025, it was on the “Readers’ Choice” edition of The New York Times‘ list of “The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century”, finishing at number 169.[44]

Keith Uhlich of Time Out (New York) named Shutter Island the fifth-best film of 2010.[45]

Box office

Shutter Island was released with The Ghost Writer, and, earning $41 million, finished first at the box office and gave Scorsese his highest-grossing box office opening to date.[46] The film remained at #1 in its second weekend, with $22.2 million.[47] Eventually, it grossed worldwide $294,805,697[3] and became Scorsese’s second highest-grossing film worldwide.[48] It is Scorsese’s fifth movie to debut at the box office at #1, following Taxi Driver, Goodfellas, Cape Fear and The Departed.

Home media

Shutter Island was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 8, 2010, in the US,[49] and on August 2, 2010, in the UK.[50] The UK release features two editions: a standard edition and a limited steel-case edition.[51] For the tenth anniversary of the film’s release, Paramount Pictures released a 4K steelbook and Blu-ray version on February 11, 2020.[52]

Other media

A Shutter Island video game was released for PC in 2010.[53] A Nintendo DS version was canceled.[54] In August 2014, Paramount Television and HBO were reported to be developing a prequel TV series, Ashecliffe.[55]

Notes

  1.  “Edward Daniels” is an anagram of Andrew Laeddis, and “Rachel Solando” is an anagram of his dead wife’s name, Dolores Chanal.

References

  1.  “AFI Catalog – Shutter Island”. American Film Institute. Retrieved January 1, 2025.
  2.  “Films | Shutter Island”. DarkHorizons.com. Archived from the original on November 29, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  3.  “Shutter Island (2010)”. Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2010.
  4.  “Shutter Island (2010) – Financial Information”. The Numbers. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  5.  “20 Movies To Watch If You Loved Shutter Island”. Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020.
  6.  “Readers Choose Their Top Movies of the 21st Century”. The New York Times. July 2, 2025. Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  7.  Fleming, Michael (October 22, 2007). “Scorsese, DiCaprio team for ‘Island'”. Variety. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
  8.  Mayberry, Carly (February 26, 2008). “Trio of stars in for ‘Shutter'”. The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 9, 2010. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
  9.  Symkus, Ed (February 19, 2010). “Real local flavor on display in ‘Shutter Island'”. The Patriot Ledger. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  10.  Alspach, Kyle (March 8, 2008). “Raynham native plays Nazi soldier executed in Nolan film”. The Patriot Ledger. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  11.  Downing, Vicki-Ann (March 8, 2008). “Film adaptation of Lehane’s novel a boon to the region”. EnterpriseNews.com. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  12.  Downing, Vicki-Ann (May 1, 2008). “Hollywood, Scorsese sets sights on Borderland State Park”. The Patriot Ledger. Quincy, MA. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  13.  Riglian, Adam (April 14, 2008). “DiCaprio, Nolan filming on Peddocks Island”. The Patriot Ledger. Archived from the original on October 27, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  14.  “Shutter Island 2010”. The Worldwide Guide To Movie Locations. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  15.  Fee, Gayle; Raposa, Laura (July 3, 2008). “DiCaprio, crew cap ‘Ashecliffe’ shoot”. Boston Herald. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
  16.  “The Music of Menace From Shutter Island”. Paramount.com. January 13, 2010. Archived from the original on January 30, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  17.  Swed, Mark (February 24, 2010). “Critic’s notebook: ‘Shutter Island’ as a new-music haven”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 5, 2026.
  18.  Jagernauth, Kevin (February 5, 2010). “‘Shutter Island’ Soundtrack Scares Up Brian Eno, Max Richter, Krzysztof Penderecki, Györgi Ligeti & More”. The Playlist. Retrieved March 5, 2026.
  19.  Murray, Noel (October 4, 2018). “The 40 Greatest Movie Soundtracks of All Time”. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020.
  20.  Saba, Michael (February 19, 2010). “Shutter Island Review”. Paste Magazine. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2010. Scorsese gets his Hitchcock on.
  21.  Brown, Mick (March 7, 2010). “Martin Scorsese interview for Shutter Island”. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2010. ‘The key film I showed Leo and Mark,’ Scorsese says, ‘was Laura—Dana Andrews, the way he wears his tie, and the way he walks through a room, and he doesn’t even look at anybody; he’s always playing that little game. He’s just trying to get the facts.’ But the films, he adds, that he had ‘really tied up tight’ in mood and tone were the lower-than-low-budget schlockers made in the 1940s by Val Lewton when he was the head of the ‘horror department’ at RKO Pictures—Cat People, Isle of the Dead, The Seventh Victim and I Walked with a Zombie.
  22.  Daniels, Derek (December 1, 2010). “The Ninth Configuration (Twinkle, Twinkle, Killer Kane)”. Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved September 8, 2011. 30 years before the disappointing Shutter Island took viewers to a remote mental asylum with a world-turned-upside-down storyline, William Peter Blatty gave us this…
  23.  “‘Shutter Island’ shows the power of isolation”. Los Angeles Times. February 21, 2010. Archived from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2011. A better version of this basic story was done 29 years ago by William Peter Blatty: The Ninth Configuration.
  24.  Packer, Sharon (September 5, 2012). Cinema’s Sinister Psychiatrists: from Caligari to Hannibal. New York, NY: McFarland. p. 197. ISBN 9780786463909. Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2014. The Ninth Configuration is far less polished than Martin Scorsese’s Shutter Island, but the principle is the same.
  25.  Raw, Kaurence & Ersin Tutan, Defne (2012). The Adaptation of History: Essays on Ways of Telling the Past. McFarland and Company. p. 51. ISBN 9780786472543. Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  26.  Gregoriou, Christiana (2012). Constructing Crime: Discourse and Cultural Representations of Crime and ‘Deviance’. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 9780230392083. Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
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  30.  “Shutter Island Pushed Back to February” Archived December 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. ComingSoon.com. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  31.  Finke, Nikki (August 21, 2009). “SHOCKER! Paramount Moves Scorsese’s ‘Shutter Island’ To February 19, 2010”. Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2009.
  32.  “Shutter Island”. Berlinale. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
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  36.  Busch, Anita (August 9, 2014). “B Grade For ‘Turtles’: What CinemaScores Mean And Why Exit Polling Matters”. Deadline. Archived from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  37.  Toppman, Lawrence. “‘Shutter’ yields shudders – and ideas”. The Charlotte Observer. Archived from the original on March 31, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2013. StarStarStarStar
  38.  Anderson, John (February 19, 2010). “Film Reviews: Scorsese’s ‘Shutter Island’, Polanski’s ‘The Ghost Writer'”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
  39.  Ebert, Roger (February 17, 2010). “Horror under lowering skies with a storm approaching”. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2013. StarStarStarHalf star
  40.  Moore, Roger (February 17, 2010). “Movie Review: Shutter Island”. Orlando Sentinel. StarStarHalf star
  41.  Stevens, Dana (February 18, 2010). “I’m Surrounded by Crazy People – Leo DiCaprio scrunches his face in Martin Scorsese’s Shutter Island”. Slate. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
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  43.  Scott, A. O. (February 19, 2010). “Movie Review: Shutter Island”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
  44.  Cite error: The named reference nytimes.com2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  45.  Uhlich, Keith (December 21, 2010). “Best (and Worst) of 2010”. Time Out New York. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
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  47.  Gray, Brandon (March 1, 2010). “‘Shutter Island’ Hangs On, ‘Cop Out,’ ‘Crazies’ Debut Decently”. Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. Archived from the original on August 17, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  48.  Grey, Brandon (May 20, 2010). “‘Shutter Island’ Is Scorsese’s Top Movie Worldwide”. Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. Archived from the original on May 23, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
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vteMartin Scorsese
vteDennis Lehane
Authority control databases 

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About joelsnell99

Who's Who in all U.S and U.K. Honoraries (Marquis) Numerous publications in over 80 venues DANA SPIRIT AWARD/2009 Oxford Roundtable, Editor of FOCUS, a student Social Science Journal Author Snell Life Cycle Lonliness Curve Professor Emeritus - Kirkwood College Omicron Delta Kappa Grants Online Editor for Psychology and Education.com Research Fellow - Arlington Institute Outstanding Teacher at Kirkwood College Membership in numerous editorial boards or a reviewer of manuscripts Associate Editor - Psychology and Education Co-Author of Snell-Green Professor Index Author of Snell Educator Effectiveness Index Contributer to FutureEdition.com Co-Author of Snell-Allen Medical Rank Index Fellow in Kennedy Foundation Co-Author of Snell-Allen Subjective Assessment Sex Role Index Honors >>> Positions and Courses Taught >>> joelsnell@hotmail.com http://www.socialvibes.net Research Council, Advisory Board

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